C
Cachexy - Malnutrition

Cacogastric - Upset stomach

Caducesus - Subject to falling sickness or epilepsy

Camp Fever - Typhus; aka camp diarrhea

Canine madness - Rabies, hydrophobia

Canker - Ulceration of the mouth or lips or herpes simplex

Catalepsy - Seizures / trances

Catarrhal - Nose and throat discharge from cold or allergy

Cerebritis - Inflamation of cerebrum or lead poisoning

Chilblain - Swelling of extremities caused by exposure to cold

Child Bed Fever - Infection following birth of a child

Chin Cough - Whooping cough

Chlorosis - Iron deficiency anemia

Cholera - Acute severe contagious diarrhea with intestinal lining sloughing

Cholera Morbus - Characterized by nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, elevated temperature, etc.

Cold Plague - Ague which is characterized by convulsions, contortions and dancing

Colic - An abdominal pain and cramping

Consumption - Tuberculosis

Congestion - Any collection of fluid in an organ, like the lungs

Congestive Chills - Malaria or Malaria with diarrhea

Congestive Fever - Malaria

Corruption - Infection

Coryza - A cold

Costiveness - Constipation

Cramp Colic - Appendicitis

Crop Sickness - Over-extended stomach

Croup - laryngitis, diptheria, or strep throat

Cyanosis - Dark skin color from lack of oxygen in blood

Cynanche - Diseases of throat

Cystitis - Inflamation of the bladder